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The banks of the Torrens River, (called Karrawirra parri by the Kaurna,) have a long history of occupation and use. For the Kaurna People the Torrens and its banks were important places for hunting and food gathering. Further east along the Torrens, at what is now Botanic Park, they also held large gatherings with neighbouring tribes.

European settlement disrupted this use immediately. It also placed extreme pressure on the fragile resource. Within months of their arrival, the impact of the settlers’ camps, carts and animals was apparent, in mounds of rubbish and trampled banks. The waters were soon polluted, affecting the health of Europeans and Kaurna alike.

The Government Quarry

The landscape and topography of this particular area has changed a great deal since 1836. In Colonel Light’s 1837 plan of Adelaide this location was part of the Government Domain – a large section that extended over both sides of what is now King William Road (not then in existence) and reached almost to the banks of the river. The original Government Hut was located further west, somewhere behind the present location of the Adelaide Railway Station. When Governor Gawler arrived in the province in 1838 he took one look at the Government Hut and decided to build something bigger and better. The location he chose was the site of the present Government House on North Terrace at the junction with King William Street. Building began in 1839.

The Government House builders were lucky.  They found a good source of stone close to hand and established what became known as the Government Quarry immediately behind the present grounds of Government House. That is why the land falls away so steeply behind the Government House wall. Apparently convenience continued to triumph over aesthetics or sensibilities, because the Government Quarry continued to operate until the mid-1850s, no doubt sending its dust and noise over Government House and its gardens. When it ceased operation as a quarry it became an unofficial rubbish dump.

Landscaping and Beautification

By the 1890s there was increasing concern about the state of the Torrens and its surroundings, and various beautification schemes were set in train.  The quarry was filled in, the area landscaped and the palm trees we see today were planted. On the flat ground at the base of the quarry a parade ground was created for the colonial regiment and in 1899 the drill sheds that had been located on North Terrace were relocated behind the Parade Ground. In 1901 the area around including the Parade Ground was transferred to the new Commonwealth Government.

Military History

The area continued to be a centre for military activity in South Australia, along with the barracks built at Keswick.  It served as both a mustering point and enlistment centre during both world wars. The classically proportioned low white building that sits to the west of the Parade Ground on Kintore Avenue was built for the Army in 1936. Designed by government architect C E Davis, it is described as being a fine example of the inter-war ‘Stripped Classical’ style, reminiscent of similar buildings constructed in Canberra at the time. Known simply as the Torrens Training Depot, it has been home to various units over time, including the 10th, 27th and 43rd/48th Battalions, and the University Regiment.  The Depot features a large Drill Hall and a very fine block jarrah polished floor, capable of supporting the weight of heavy vehicles, which were stored there during the Army’s occupation. During the Vietnam conflict and later new recruits remember sleeping in the Drill Hall before leaving for their basic training. The jarrah must have made a hard bed!

Popular Use and Dissent

In addition to its official use by the military, the Parade Ground had another unofficial life. Even when surrounded by a low fence, the people of Adelaide continued to use it as a thoroughfare, crossing the Parade Ground to go to the city or the University of Adelaide. Eventually the Adelaide City Council bowed to the inevitable and created a footpath up the hill to Kintore Avenue. The Parade Ground also has a history linked to dissent in the city. During the years of the anti-Vietnam War protests demonstrators often rallied on the Parade Ground and it was used for protest gatherings both before and after this.  More recently it has been the backdrop for the very successful Writers' Week Festival, held on the lawns by the Parade Ground each year in late-February-early March. 

In 2001 the Parade Ground and Training Depot were returned to the South Australian Government and an extensive restoration project was completed on the site. The Depot housed various service groups and was the administrative headquarters of the History Trust of South Australia until October 2022. The History Trust's relocation was to enable the creation of a "veteran's hub" in the Drill Hall, which will be comprised of the Department for Veteran Affairs, Returned Sercvices League (RSL) South Australia, Vietnam Veterans Association, Air Force Association, and Legacy Club of South Australia and Broken Hill. 

By Margaret Anderson, History Trust of South Australia

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1928 Waterside Workers' Strike

Images
Police volunteers converge on Torrens Parade Ground during the Waterside Workers' Strike, 1928

History SA. Migration Museum Photographic Collection, PN01335

1936 Floral Pageant

Images
Mitcham float, Adelaide Centenary Floral Pageant, 1936
Courtesy of/Photographer:History SA

History SA. South Australian Government Photographic Collection, GN09831A

Adelaide Centenary floats for the 1936 floral pageant
Courtesy of/Photographer:History SA

History SA. South Australian Government Photographic Collection, GN09832

City of Adelaide float, with throne, for the 1936 floral pageant
Courtesy of/Photographer:History SA

History SA. South Australian Government Photographic Collection, GN09833

Adelaide Centenary floats for the 1936 floral pageant
Courtesy of/Photographer:History SA

History SA. South Australian Government Photographic Collection, GN09835

Federation of the town of Thebarton float pulled by bullocks, September 1936

History SA. South Australian Government Photographic Collection, GN09830

Early Colonial Period

Images
Sketch of first Government House with eventual location of Torrens Parade Ground possibly located in foreground, 1837
Courtesy of/Photographer:Mary Hindmarsh

History SA. South Australian Government Photographic Collection, GN00148

Sketch of first Government House with possible stone quarry and location of Torrens Parade Ground in immediate foreground, 1837

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: B 6705, Public Domain

Colour print of first Government House with possible stone quarry and location of Torrens Parade Ground in foreground, 1837

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: B 9483/4, Public Domain

Sketch of first Government House with possible stone quarry and location of Torrens Parade Ground in foreground, c. 1838
Courtesy of/Photographer:Col. William Light

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: PRG 280/1/38/84, Public Domain

Early Twentieth Century

Images
Military Parade Grounds viewed from the railway, c. 1910

History SA. South Australian Government Photographic Collection, GN03223

Military Parade Ground, Adelaide, c. 1900s

History SA. South Australian Government Photographic Collection, GN03047

The former Drill Hall and offices of the 43rd/48th Battalion and 13th Field Brigade at Torrens Parade Ground, 23 August 1935

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: B 6738, Public Domain

Military Use

Images
Members of an unidentified military unit conduct an artillery drill at Torrens Parade Ground, c. 1910

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: B 72497, http://images.slsa.sa.gov.au/mpcimg/72500/B72497.htm, Public Domain

Soldiers of No. 7 Platoon of the 2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion begin a march at Torrens Parade Ground, 15 January 1941
Courtesy of/Photographer:R. Pederick

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: B 68800, Public Domain

Members of the South Australian Volunteer Defence Corps conduct an ANZAC Day march at Torrens Parade Ground, 25 April 1942

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: B 62413/87, Public Domain

Members of the Australian Defence Force's 9th Infantry Brigade conduct an artillery drill at Torrens Parade Ground, 1953

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: B 7798/643, Public Domain

Police Use

Images
South Australian Foot Police stand at attention with sloped arms during an inspection at Torrens Parade Ground, 1920

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: PRG 280/1/21/51, Public Domain

South Australian Mounted Police canter past Army Headquarters at Torrens Parade Ground, 1921

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: PRG 280/1/20/327, Public Domain

A troop of South Australian Foot Police parade with bicycles at Torrens Parade Ground, 1923

Image courtesy of the State Library of South Australia, SLSA: PRG 280/1/38/281, Public Domain

Recent Years

Images
Drill Hall & Training Depot, Torrens Parade Ground, 2014
Courtesy of/Photographer:Mark Eckermann, History SA
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